이번에는 리눅스에 추가한 하드디스크로 LVM을 만드는걸 포스팅 해본다
먼저 간단하게 요약 해보면 (rhel ver6 기준)
1. 하드디스크 추가
2. 추가한 디스크 파티션을 LVM 타입(8e)으로 생성
3. 물리불륨생성
4. 물리불륨을 불륨그룹에 추가
5. 볼륨그룹에서 논리볼륨으로 다시 할당
6. 포맷(EXT4) 을 한뒤 OS에 마운트
1. 먼저 OS 초기 디스크 상태
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_root 18G 3.0G 14G 19% / tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot | cs |
먼저 OS을 기본으로 설치 하고난 후 상태 df 명령어를 이용하여 확인.
2. fdisk 추가된 하드디스크 확인
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ed063 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 | cs |
fdisk -l 명령어를 이용하여 /dev/sdb 하드디스크가 8G 짜리가 추가되어 있는걸 확인 할 수 있다
3. fdisk로 파티션 LVM(8e)타입을 지정
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x85fdf936. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): (enter) Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): (enter) Using default value 1044 Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. | cs |
fdisk를 이용하여 추가된 하드디스크 파티션을 LVM 타입 8e로 구성한다
4. fdisk로 파티션 확인
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ed063 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x85fdf936 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 | cs |
생성된 파티션은 뒤에 숫자가 붙어서 /dev/sdb1로 표시 된다
5. 물리볼륨 생성한다 (pvcreate)
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created [root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG vg_vmsvr6u8 lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [8.00 GiB] Total: 2 [27.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [8.00 GiB] | cs |
pvcreate [디바이스명] 명령어 형태로 물리볼륨을 생성한다
그후 pvscan 으로 확인을 한다
6. 볼륨그룹에 설정 (vgcreate)
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# vgcreate Volgroup01 /dev/sdb1 Volume group "Volgroup01" successfully created [root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Volgroup01 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 8.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 2047 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 2047 / 8.00 GiB VG UUID nq9XJ3-06EY-pq5r-6zCj-sx66-exRB-CwnB0Z --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_vmsvr6u8 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID AEEtoW-v37n-2nMi-mmwD-BI1a-VIyN-2ZZs2t | cs |
vgcreate [볼륨명] [디바이스명] 명령어 형태로 볼륨그룹 생성한다
그후 vgdisplay 으로 확인을 한다 Free PE가 모두 할당 안되어 있는걸 확인 할 수 있다
7. 논리 볼륨을 설정한다 (lvcreate)
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n data Volgroup01 Logical volume "data" created. [root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/Volgroup01/data LV Name data VG Name Volgroup01 LV UUID HS9s91-7fG7-4Xg9-ZIoy-jf9J-VnPR-8gnLWl LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time vmsvr-6u8, 2019-04-17 00:07:59 +0900 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 8.00 GiB Current LE 2047 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_vmsvr6u8/lv_root LV Name lv_root VG Name vg_vmsvr6u8 LV UUID O5kfud-g7QI-3cr9-rPnb-XbD2-f8n6-KxjNql LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time vmsvr-6u8, 2019-04-16 19:25:52 +0900 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 17.57 GiB Current LE 4498 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_vmsvr6u8/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name vg_vmsvr6u8 LV UUID IMWRXK-eYbr-I75B-eT0A-2hwG-hKBg-Mxptdy LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time vmsvr-6u8, 2019-04-16 19:25:59 +0900 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.94 GiB Current LE 496 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 [root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Volgroup01 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 8.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 2047 Alloc PE / Size 2047 / 8.00 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID nq9XJ3-06EY-pq5r-6zCj-sx66-exRB-CwnB0Z --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_vmsvr6u8 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4994 Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID AEEtoW-v37n-2nMi-mmwD-BI1a-VIyN-2ZZs2t | cs |
lvcreate -l [size] -n [논리볼륨명] [볼륨명]
lvcreate 명령어를 사용하여 -l (PE 개수) -L (용량) 옵션으로 디스크를 용량을 지정 할 수 있다
vgdisplay 명령어로 Free Pe 가 0으로 용량 모두 할당 된것을 확인 할 수 있다
8. 파일시스템 포맷 및 마운트
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/Volgroup01/data mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 524288 inodes, 2096128 blocks 104806 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648 64 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# mount /dev/Volgroup01/data /data [root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_root 18G 3.0G 14G 19% / tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot /dev/mapper/Volgroup01-data 7.8G 18M 7.4G 1% /data | cs |
mkfs.ext4 [LV PATH] (아직까지 난 EXT4가 가장 맘에 든다)
mount [LV PATH] [지정디렉토리]
ext4로 포맷후 마운트할 디렉토리에 마운트 하면 끝!
9 자동마운트를 위해 fstab에 추가
[root@vmsvr-6u8 ~]# vi /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Tue Apr 16 19:26:28 2019 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=0f7adb3a-6bcb-4512-b812-e32c5e8140ed /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg_vmsvr6u8-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/Volgroup01-data /data ext4 defaults 1 2 | cs |
서버가 부팅이 되어도 자동으로 마운트 되기 위해 /etc/fstab 에 추가한다
/dev/mapper/Volgroup01-data /data ext4 defaults 1 2
일단 여기까지 나중에 명령어 별로 옵션 및 논리볼륨 증설 및 제거 하는걸 추가!!
